Youssef Refaat - Curios Nerd

Human mutations are some changes in the human genotype (DNA) that may be manifested as phenotypic changes. Some of these are beneficial. Some are lethal! Let' talk about some of the most interesting genetic mutations in human being! Stephen Crohn: The first man on earth to be resistant to HIV, also known as "The man who can't catch AIDS" Before telling the exact details of the mutation, and how Crohn became resistant to HIV. I want to tell you some very basic concepts of how HIV infects humans and ultimately causes death almost 10–15 years after exposure. HIV infects our white blood cells. Specifically, a type of white blood cell called Helper T-cell CD4. Firstly, the receptor on HIV called gp120 reacts to a receptor on the WBC called CD4 protein. After this interaction, the virus exposes another part of its GP120 molecule that interacts with another protein on the WBC called CCR5. CCR5 anchors the virus on the cell membrane and helps in the fusion of both membranes t...

Imagine you are in the hospital. A patient comes to you and you suspect this patient has COVID-19. What should you do? In this article, I am going to explain the diagnostic tools used to diagnose COVID-19 If you haven't read the article on the pathophysiology of COVID-19, please go check it from the link below as this will help you understand many details here. https://curiosnerd.blogspot.com/2020/04/updated-how-people-die-from-corona.html 1- Check vitals If the patient is:  hypotensive ---> it could be a septic shock (due to cytokines storm explained in the previous article) hypertensive ---> doesn't signify anything but it is not good because hypertensive patients are at high risk to develop serious complication due to the infection Look for tachycardia ---> sign of hypoxemia Look for respiratory rate ---> if more than 20 ---> again it could be due to hypoxia Check temperature ---> if high --> sign of inflammation --> probably due to CO...

UPDATE: I HAVE UPLOADED THE DIAGNOSTICS PART COVID-19 Diagnostics UPDATE: HOW OUR WORLD WILL BE IMPACTED AFTER THE PANDEMIC IS OVER ? https://curiosnerd.blogspot.com/2020/07/how-our-world-will-be-impacted-after.html?m=1 I am very glad that you decided to watch the second part of the mechanism of death in people who get infected with the coronavirus. In the previous article, I mentioned some mechanisms. However, we now know more about this virus and its other mechanisms with additional details that are available now. Check the first article from here:  https://curiosnerd.blogspot.com/2020/03/how-people-die-from-corona-virus.html 1- Well, as we know the coronavirus is transmitted by air droplets. Let's say someone sneezes in front of you and you inhale the viral particles that came out from his mouth. The viral will travel directly to your respiratory system infecting the lining epithelial cells of your bronchi, bronchiole, and, most important, alveoli. It enters the cells thro...

There is no doubt that lymphomas are one of the most aggressive cancers we have ever seen. Did scientists finally find treatment for it? Before anything we need to decide which type of lymphoma you are talking about. There are 2 main categories of lymphomas: Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin. Hodgkin lymphoma: Usually, the Hodgkin lymphoma is the good one. It is not as aggressive as non-Hodgkins. Also, its spread is usually predicted. It spreads from one lymph node (usually cervical lymph nodes) to the next in the lymph vessels. It doesn’t spread in the blood, so it doesn’t produce masses in other organs such as the liver, brain, and bones. So, it is treated with radiation and it responds well. It has a good prognosis in general. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: They are the bad ones. They start extranodal, but they can also begin in the lymph nodes. They have a bad prognosis. Their spread is not predicted. They reach the blood and can invade other organs including the bone marrow. So, we can say...

Studying medicine is not just studying. It is an addiction. I think I can't do anything in life other than medicine. If it was a woman, I would marry her. Let me show you why and you tell me if it is worth it or not.  Do you know how you looked like when you were an embryo? You were a trilaminar disc. You were literally a disc composed of 3 layers that gave rise to all your body Do you know the layers of your abdomen before the stomach? We know it because we do this when doing surgery Did you know that there are around 15 kinds of anemia not only iron deficiency anemia (anemia due to decreased intake of iron) that people think that it is the only kind of anemia? Do you know how iron deficiency causes anemia at the molecular level? We know Did you that the Iron you take from meat and animal products is more absorbable than iron you take from vegetables? Do you know why when you stand-up suddenly you feel dizzy and feel like someone turned the light...

Failure is inevitable. It hurts but It teaches a lot. I worked for months preparing myself to apply for US colleges. I stayed up countless nights writing my essays, studying for my SAT, working my GPA, and doing lots of other things. I dreamed of studying at any of these elite universities. I applied to over 20 universities, but guess what? I got rejected from all of them. I vividly remember the moment when I realized that all the doors are closed in front of me. I knew that I am not going to make it and I will have to continue studying in my home country. I was destroyed from inside. I spent some nights crying, wondering where did all that EFFORT I made through the year go? I was immensely hopeless.  Later, I got into one of the great universities in my country for studying medicine. I made a lot of friends and I started to feel satisfied. Now, I am really ambivalent and don’t know whether to apply again to the US or to stay in the place that...