Youssef Refaat - Curios Nerd

Kidneys are a sign of evolution. How? Kidneys are these 2 bean-shaped organs that lie in your posterior abdominal wall and are responsible for filtering waste products from your blood to your urine. They are in the abdominal region When we study the kidney during fetal development, you will be surprised by how humans and fish are related. In the fetus, you develop 3 pairs of kidneys instead of the 1 pair that we are familiar with. The 1st kidney to develop is called  pronephros  ( develops near the neck - yes you had kidney in your neck when you were fetus ), the second one is called  mesonephros (develops in the abdomen),  and the third pair is called  metanephros (develops in the pelvis.)  The pronephros and mesonephros degenerate and the metanephros is the only one that continues and it gives rise to your kidney. Here how they looked like. As you see, pronephros and mesonephros degenerate.  Metanephros  remains. Here is a zoomed-...

UPDATE 1 - VERSION IS AVAILABLE HERE! DON'T MISS THE NEW DETAILS ABOUT COVID 19   https://curiosnerd.blogspot.com/2020/04/updated-how-people-die-from-corona.html   UPDATE 2 - I HAVE UPLOADED THE DIAGNOSTICS PART COVID-19 Diagnostics As we know, the number of people dying from COVID 19 is increasing day after another. Firstly, we need to know that the infection itself may not kill you. You can get the infection and then it goes away from you like normal influenza, but why some people die from it? T his is called acute respiratory distress syndrome . You alveoli normally contain no fluid as in the below picture. They get filled with air then this air diffuses to the blood capillary below. This is called the blood air barrier The exact mechanism or cause is not completely understood. However, during inflammation, whether it is happening inside the lungs (due to the viral or bacterial infection) or in other organs, the triggering insult to the tissue usually results...

I wish I could tell parents that they are killing their kids with the type of diet they offer them. It became normal the kids eat tons of chocolates, pizzas, fried food, and burgers. It became a regular diet for rich kids. Let’s see why parents are killing their kids. The huge amount of chocolate and pizzas kids eat is very rich in carbohydrates (which are simply glucose.) Normally, when we exceed the amount of carbohydrates our body needs, they will be converted to fat and stored in our bodies. When we eat excess amounts of this food, we will have high levels of fat in our bodies, and, thus, high levels of LDL. LDL is a lipoprotein that is responsible for delivering fat to our tissue since fat can’t normally dissolve in our plasma. High levels of LDL are considered to be the main cause of atherosclerosis. These high LDL levels, when in excess, are deposited inside our blood vessels(the intima layer) initiating inflammation and causing blood vessels to become stiffened and become mo...

As a student doctor, I have seen many patients who had cancers growing in their bodies and don’t feel it and don’t have any symptoms until it is too late (until the tumor has metastasized to other organs) I have seen a patient who has lymphoma (a type of blood cancer) He didn’t feel anything; he literally had no symptoms, but one day he started to have some symptoms related to his respiratory system like cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis. When he did a chest x-ray, he was found to have massive pleural effusion (water on the lung) due to the tumor metastasized to his lung. He had an x-ray similar to that. Look at the left lung! Not only that but he also, when he was asked to do a CT scan on his abdomen, he was found to have the tumor metastasized to his liver. (Can you see these blackish areas? These are multiple tumor masses growing at his liver) I knew that this patient had a very bad prognosis and he most likely will pass away in a few months. It is very sad to know that. The...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sHR8VFpSR4 This is called  sudden cardiac death  or  cardiac arrest.  It happens with even athletes. I have seen many football players who die suddenly in the match. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) occur when the heart abruptly begins to beat in an abnormal or irregular rhythm (arrhythmia). Without organized electrical activity in the heart muscle, there is no consistent contraction of the  v entricles, which results in the heart's inability to generate an adequate  c ardiac output (forward pumping of blood from the heart to rest of the body). The most common type of arrhythmia is ventricular fibrillation. Here is how it looks like: The most common reason is  hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . This is a condition in which a portion of the heart becomes  t hickened without an obvious cause. This results in the heart being less able to pump blood effectively. This could be due to a gene...

I am a Christian, and I believe that the universe was created by God. No one really knows the exact absolute answers to your questions. In Stephen hawking’s book, brief answers to big questions, he answered these questions. His answers weren’t absolute, but this was according to what he thought might be right. He said that the universe didn’t need God to be created. If you go back when the whole universe was condensed in a single point, called the singularity, he said that in this way, this singularity behaves very differently from our daily experience. A cup of coffee must be created by someone. However, in the quantum world, things can exist and disappear randomly without the need to be created. It might seem to be counter-intuitive, but this is what the science believes to be true. Also, the big bang itself doesn’t need someone to initiate it. It just initiated itself. It had a complex explanation in his book but again, this is what science believes to be true. Moreover, he sai...